What does Psalm 124:2 mean?

Israel is being challenged to admit their total dependence on the Lord God (Psalm 124:1). Only His influence has given Israel victory. This principle lies behind many incidents in the nation's history (Exodus 12:41; 14:28–29; Deuteronomy 4:37–38). These enemies are depicted as powerful and numerous, like a massive flood (Psalm 124:3–5).

The reference to those who "rose up" may suggest an ambush. One example is when Edom launched a surprise attack while Israel was fighting another war (Psalm 60:12; 2 Samuel 8:13–14; 1 Chronicles 18:12–13). The enemies who arose may include Saul and his attacks on David (1 Samuel 19:1–2) or the rebellion of David's own son (2 Samuel 15:2–13). Another possibility is an Ammonite assault using mercenaries (2 Samuel 10:6). The idea can also be applied to the depraved nations who opposed Israel's conquest of the Promised Land (Numbers 21:21–24) or the cycle of war and oppression during the era after the exodus (Judges 2:16–19).

The Christian's bitter foe, the Devil, also launches numerous sneak attacks. Peter knew it was futile to put confidence in our own efforts against that kind of power. He writes Christians to "be sober-minded; be watchful. Your adversary The Devil prowls around like a roaring lion, seeking someone to devour" (1 Peter 5:8). To counter, we are told to rely on God's power (1 Peter 5:9). The Lord gives victory to the embattled believer who depends on Him.