What does Psalm 126:6 mean?
Cultivating land, planting seeds, and nurturing them as they grow are difficult tasks. In a symbolic way, this is the source of "weeping" from the effort and pain involved. The result, however, is a harvest of food and new seed for the future. This imagery has several possible applications to the nation of Israel.The most direct connection is the literal prosperity of the people. After returning from Babylonian captivity (Ezra 2:1), the people looked to the Lord for His blessings (Psalm 126:4). It is especially difficult to farm on land which has been left to run wild for many years. The process of restarting life in the Promised Land would be intimidating. Another possible application is the idea of working hard to restore Israelite culture, hoping to attract more of the Jews living in Babylon to come back to their ancestors' territory.
In His covenant with Israel, God promised to reward faithfulness to His law with abundance (Deuteronomy 28:1, 6, 12). For the New Testament believer, there are spiritual implications of these ideas. Christians can be encouraged to look beyond the struggles of sowing of God's Word to the joy of reaping a bountiful harvest (John 4:35–38; 2 Corinthians 9:10; James 3:18).