What does Psalm 130:1 mean?

The psalmist may have experienced personal tragedy. Or, he may have been suffering the consequences of some sin (Psalm 130:3–4). "The depths" is a common metaphor for deep distress and threats (Psalm 42:7; 69:2; 86:13). This typically suggests being far under water: a place dark, cold, crushing, and deadly.

Like the psalmist, everyone desperately needs to call on God, because sin deserves death (Romans 6:23). Since everyone has sinned (Romans 3:10), everyone needs salvation, and only the Lord can save. Jesus explained that the only way to receive this forgiveness was through a humble attitude of submission to God (Luke 18:9–14). One of the two men crucified beside Jesus recognized his desperate condition and called out for salvation (Luke 23:42). Jesus answered and accepted this man's plea (Luke 23:43).