What does Psalm chapter 130 mean?
One of the "songs of ascent" (Psalms 120—134), this psalm focuses on God's offer of forgiveness. It begins with a prayer for mercy and ends with a call for Israel to rely on the Lord.First, the psalmist prays for mercy. This sometimes means rescue from enemies (Psalm 69:14–16) but it also applies to the consequences of sin. In a moment of deep pain and despair, this prayer admits that God is perfect, while no person is (Romans 3:10). There are no excuses when then Lord accuses one of sin; no person can escape judgment. Yet the Lord is not merely righteous; He is also merciful, offering forgiveness. This should inspire people to properly "fear" the Lord (Proverbs 1:7) in worship and obedience (Psalm 130:1–4).
The psalmist intends to trust in God for an answer to prayer. This "waiting" involves patience as well as attention. The text compares this to how nighttime watchmen would eagerly hope to see the sun rise. That would mean their night was done and they could now rest. After concluding the prayer, the psalmist encourages faith. God offers redemption and a "steadfast love" noted by the word hesed. This is a consistent, unending love. Because of that love, God promises to save those who come to Him in faith (John 3:16–18) and to redeem the nation of Israel through a Messiah (Psalm 130:5–8).