What does Psalm 57:1 mean?
David wrote this psalm about the time he hid in a cave while being pursued by king Saul (1 Samuel 19:1–2; 22:1; 24:2–3). This was around the same time as the events which inspired Psalms 56 and 142. In a moment of great danger, David prayed for God's mercy and protection. The reference to the "shadow of [God's] wings" (Psalm 17:8; 91:4) refers to a mother bird protecting her young. This would be especially appropriate during a storm, where her wings would provide shelter against wind and rain.David's response to fear is to pursue God, growing closer and trusting Him even more. Later verses refer to God's purposes (Psalm 57:2); this reflects David's trust in God's unchangeable plans for his life (1 Samuel 16:12–13). Translating the Hebrew word hawwāh as "storms of destruction" here is appropriate since David refers to his current situation as temporary. Those who rely on the Lord are assured that their troubles are short-lived (Romans 8:28; 2 Corinthians 4:17) and that nothing can separate them from God's love (Romans 8:38–39; John 10:28).
This song refers to the position of "choirmaster," or "chief musician," likely meaning the person in charge of leading corporate worship. It is described as a "miktam," probably indicating a particular form of song. David's Psalms 57, 58, and 59 suggest a tune titled "Do Not Destroy." The same is true of Asaph's Psalm 75. It seems these psalms were written as words to be sung to that melody.