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Psalm chapter 81

King James Version

New King James Version

What does Psalm chapter 81 mean?

The song is also associated with Asaph, who was a servant of king David (1 Chronicles 16:4–5). This psalm is described using the term gittiyth, which literally means "winepress." This might refer to an instrument or a style of music.

Israel's people are called to praise the Lord using various musical instruments. Mention is made of a feast day. These holidays were defined according to a lunar calendar. Full moons and new moons were among the signs indicating when these festival should be held (Psalm 81:1–3).

God commanded the people of Israel to celebrate several festivals during the year (Leviticus 23). One of these is the Feast of Booths (Deuteronomy 16:13–15). That holiday's festive nature fits with the positive tone presented at the start of this psalm. God's commands came as part of the nation's journey from Egypt into the Promised Land. Along the way, God spoke to the people using several miraculous events. Those events might be part of what the psalmist means about an unknown language: that this was an entirely new way of hearing from the Lord. It might also suggest that the psalmist is hearing directly from God. Either way, the song will shift to speak from God's perspective (Psalm 81:4–5).

Critical moments to remember were the first Passover (Exodus 11:4) and Israel's rescue from slavery (Exodus 12:41). Moses went into a thundering, cloudy mystery at Sinai (Exodus 19:17–20). There, he was given commandments for the nation. Also mentioned is Israel's infamous complaining and doubting the Lord at Meribah (Exodus 17:3–7). That led to a miraculous spring of water from a rock. When the people were unhappy, God cared for them (Psalm 81:6–7).

Given that history, the Lord calls Israel to follow Him as He had commanded. The first of the Ten Commandments prohibited having other gods, and the second prohibiting worshiping idols (Exodus 20:2–5). God had promised to care for Israel and to bless them if they were loyal to Him (Deuteronomy 28:1). This psalm repeats God's intent to prosper His chosen people if they were willing to obey (Psalm 81:8–10).

However, a persistent theme of Israel's journey from Egypt to Canaan was disobedience and sin. Rather than cooperating with the God who rescued them from slavery, Israel was often defiant. At times, God responded to that rebellion with supernatural punishment (Numbers 21:4–9). Mostly, though, He left them to the natural consequences of their choices (Psalm 81:11–12).

Though God warned of consequences for disobedience (Deuteronomy 28:15), He also offered great benefits if Israel would obey (Deuteronomy 28:2–14). Even after falling into sin, God was willing to restore the nation (2 Chronicles 7:14) if they would come back to Him in faith. That would mean safety from their many enemies as well as prosperity in the Promised Land (Psalm 81:13–16).
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