What does Revelation 20:4 mean?
Strictly speaking, the resurrection John sees here involves a specific group of Christians: the martyred believers of the great tribulation. The "first resurrection" includes those who are raised at the rapture (1 Thessalonians 4:16), along with these end-times believers, into eternal life. Those who are part of the "second resurrection," described later, face only judgment (Revelation 20:5; 20:11–15).The apostle Paul wrote in 2 Timothy 2:12 that Christians will reign with Christ. Revelation 2:26–27 promises that overcomers will receive authority over the nations and will rule them with a rod of iron. Also, it appears the armies of heaven will reign with Jesus (Revelation 19:14). The armies are the saints who accompany Christ to the earth. Further, tribulation martyrs will be resurrected to participate in the administration of Christ's earthly kingdom (Revelation 20:4). Based on Daniel 12:1–3, some scholars believe that Old Testament believers will also be raised to rule in this administration.
Whom will these individuals rule? The "sheep" at the judgment of the nations (Matthew 25:33–34) will enter the kingdom in their physical bodies. Many of them will procreate, and the cycle of birth will continue during the kingdom reign. Each generation will come under the rule of God's people. Although righteousness will prevail, sin will erupt occasionally and require the judicial attention of those who reign with Christ (Isaiah 65:20; Zechariah 5:3–4).