What does Romans 11:12 mean?
Paul introduced an important idea in the previous verse: The sin of Israel in rejecting faith in Christ resulted in the opportunity for all Gentiles to be saved through faith in Christ. Now Paul asks one of his "how much more" questions.If Israel's sin brought the riches of sharing in God's glory to the world, and if Israel's failure to believe brought those riches to all the Gentiles, then how much more will Israel's full inclusion in Christ mean for all of us? Put another way, if Israel's sin can result in that kind of glory, then imagine how much glory will result when Israel accepts Christ!
Paul will finally answer this question in verse 15. There, he will write that Israel's acceptance of Christ will mean life from the dead for all who trust in Christ. He will clarify that idea in the following verses, but the central idea is this: God has hardened most Israelites to faith in Christ for a time, but He will eventually bring many Israelites to faith in Christ. The result, mysteriously for now, will be life from death for all of us.