What does Romans 5:19 mean?
Paul continues to contrast the powerful actions of Adam and Jesus. Adam's action was one of disobedience. He and Eve disobeyed God's direct and clear command to them. The result of that disobedience, as Paul has shown repeatedly, was that many were made sinners. Adam introduced sin into the world and every last person born, other than Christ (Hebrews 4:15), was born into that sin.Jesus's action, on the other hand, His death on the cross, was an act of obedience. This is true in two senses. One, mysteriously, Jesus' life and mission on earth were characterized by His obedience to His Father, who is God, as Christ is also. Jesus spoke and acted in obedience to the direction of the Father (John 12:49; 8:28). That obedience included His own death: "And being found in human form, he humbled himself by becoming obedient to the point of death, even death on a cross" (Philippians 2:8).
Jesus' act of obedience, then, ensured that many would be made righteous through their faith in Him and by God's abundant grace.