What does Romans 9:26 mean?
The Old Testament prophet Hosea wrote about God's commitment to restore the northern ten tribes of Israel that had been cut off. Paul, quoting Hosea in this and the previous verse, appears to apply Hosea 2:23 and now Hosea 1:10 to the Gentiles.Paul's larger point in this passage is that God retains His right to show mercy to whomever He wants and to withhold mercy from whomever He wants. God exercises His privilege as Creator by showing mercy to all who come to Him through faith in Christ. Israel's pride might have insisted that only they—the original "chosen people"—could legitimately be redeemed by God. Paul argues the opposite; that nobody anywhere deserves mercy (Romans 3:10; 3:23) and that a sovereign Creator has the right to use His creations as He sees fit (Romans 9:20–21).
Paul shows that this includes God's right to save those "called out" from the Gentiles, as well as from the Jewish people. Israel had always been known as God's people. Now Gentiles, too, through faith in Christ, will be called the sons of the living God (Romans 8:16–17).