What does Isaiah 26:10 mean?
ESV: If favor is shown to the wicked, he does not learn righteousness; in the land of uprightness he deals corruptly and does not see the majesty of the Lord.
NIV: But when grace is shown to the wicked, they do not learn righteousness; even in a land of uprightness they go on doing evil and do not regard the majesty of the Lord.
NASB: Though the wicked person is shown compassion, He does not learn righteousness; He deals unjustly in the land of uprightness, And does not perceive the majesty of the Lord.
CSB: But if the wicked man is shown favor, he does not learn righteousness. In a righteous land he acts unjustly and does not see the majesty of the Lord.
NLT: Your kindness to the wicked does not make them do good. Although others do right, the wicked keep doing wrong and take no notice of the Lord’s majesty.
KJV: Let favour be shewed to the wicked, yet will he not learn righteousness: in the land of uprightness will he deal unjustly, and will not behold the majesty of the Lord.
NKJV: Let grace be shown to the wicked, Yet he will not learn righteousness; In the land of uprightness he will deal unjustly, And will not behold the majesty of the Lord.
Verse Commentary:
The Lord God of Israel is both righteous and merciful. He uses His might to bring both grace and justice (Isaiah 26:8–9). Now Isaiah declares that the Lord's judgment on those who do evil is a better teacher than His mercy. Those who flaunt His commands don't respond to His restraint (Psalm 10:13). Unless evil people are held accountable for their actions, they won't come to understand God's true greatness (Proverbs 5:22–23). Those who do evil won't understand what it means that the Lord is righteous in all that He does.

The result is that even in a culture steeped in goodness and truth, the wicked will not change their behavior to fit in with those who follow the Lord's ways. They don't recognize how majestic God truly is (Psalm 14:1). They do not bow to Him or live as if His revelation to them is meaningful. They continue to follow their own way and live their own corrupt lives.

In the following verse, Isaiah will call for the Lord to bring that judgment sooner than later. He asks the Lord to show the earth His righteousness by punishing those who do evil and vindicating His own people in the process (Isaiah 26:11).
Verse Context:
Isaiah 26:1–15 celebrates the Lord's future victory over wickedness on the earth and looks forward to the coming of God's judgment. Isaiah longs for that judgment to come. But the prophet knows the Lord gives perfect peace to all who stay focused on trusting Him. Only the Lord God remains of all those who attempted to rule over Israel.
Chapter Summary:
Chapter 26 is a song to be sung in the land of Judah during the time of the Lord's reign as king over the earth. The towering city of wickedness has been replaced by the strong city of salvation. Isaiah waits, longing for the Lord to come and judge the sinfulness of the world. The Lord will bring peace to Israel for good. Their other rulers are dead and not worthy of remembering. The Lord's discipline has caused His people to turn back to Him. The dead among them will be resurrected after the fury of His judgment.
Chapter Context:
Chapter 26 is part of a larger section that includes chapters 24–27. The section of the book follows the descriptions of the Lord's judgment on the earth and the beginning of His kingdom through a song to be sung in Judah during that time. The wicked city of the world has been replaced with the city of salvation. Isaiah longs for the Lord to come and judge the earth. The prophet wants all to see the Lord's zeal for His own people by destroying His enemies. Isaiah remembers God's discipline and looks forward to the resurrection of the dead among His people.
Book Summary:
Isaiah is among the most important prophetic books in the entire Bible. The first segment details God's impending judgment against ancient peoples for sin and idolatry (Isaiah 1—35). The second part of Isaiah briefly explains a failed assault on Jerusalem during the rule of Hezekiah (Isaiah 36—39). The final chapters predict Israel's rescue from Babylonian captivity (Isaiah 40—48), the promised Messiah (Isaiah 49—57), and the final glory of Jerusalem and God's people (Isaiah 58—66).
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