What does Isaiah 27:6 mean?
ESV: In days to come Jacob shall take root, Israel shall blossom and put forth shoots and fill the whole world with fruit.
NIV: In days to come Jacob will take root, Israel will bud and blossom and fill all the world with fruit.
NASB: In the days to come Jacob will take root, Israel will blossom and sprout, And they will fill the whole world with fruit.
CSB: In days to come, Jacob will take root. Israel will blossom and bloom and fill the whole world with fruit.
NLT: The time is coming when Jacob’s descendants will take root. Israel will bud and blossom and fill the whole earth with fruit!
KJV: He shall cause them that come of Jacob to take root: Israel shall blossom and bud, and fill the face of the world with fruit.
NKJV: Those who come He shall cause to take root in Jacob; Israel shall blossom and bud, And fill the face of the world with fruit.
Verse Commentary:
The song of the vineyard continues (Isaiah 27:2–5). The Lord sings from the perspective of the future reality of His reign as king on earth, when all will be made right, as well as from the viewpoint of Isaiah's era.

It's made even clearer that this song refers to His chosen people. Jacob was the father of the nation, and God had renamed Him Israel (Genesis 32:28). Jacob's name is often used in place of the word "Israel." In the end times, Jacob / Israel will grow like a vine in a well-tended vineyard. Israel will blossom, and the world will be filled with the fruit of her vine. In the language of the song, this will become possible because the Lord will protect Israel from her enemies and create the perfect conditions for the vine to grow and thrive.

In terms of the future, the greatest fruit of Israel will be the Messiah, Jesus Christ, the Lord Himself (Isaiah 11:1; Jeremiah 33:14). Through faith in the Messiah, believers from the entire world will come into relationship with the God of Israel. They will receive His protection and provision. As He promised Abraham, "In you [through your descendants] all the families of the earth shall be blessed" (Genesis 12:3).
Verse Context:
Isaiah 27:2–6 describes the restoration and redemption of Israel in the end times by the Lord. Isaiah pictures Israel in song as a pleasant vineyard tended and fully provided for. Her fruit will fill the world. God prefers that those within this vineyard who still oppose Him would repent, rather than being destroyed.
Chapter Summary:
This passage often uses the phrase "in that day" referring to the end times when the Lord reigns on earth as king. Then, the Israelites will be fully restored. Their "fruit" will fill the world. The nations God used as tools to judge His people will themselves be judged, but much more harshly. Defeats will happen in the meantime, but the Lord will only measure out enough discipline to trigger Israel's repentance. There will be no compassion for those who refuse to repent. He will bring all His people home to worship Him in Jerusalem in the end.
Chapter Context:
Isaiah 27 completes a section (Isaiah 24—27) about the time when the Lord will make all things right. That description begins with the Lord's judgment of the earth (Isaiah 24:1) and ends with the redemption and restoration of Israel (Isaiah 27:6). The nations God used to judge Israel will themselves be judged. The next section of Isaiah focuses on God's scathing words for those who opposed Him, including the failed leaders of Israel and Judah.
Book Summary:
Isaiah is among the most important prophetic books in the entire Bible. The first segment details God's impending judgment against ancient peoples for sin and idolatry (Isaiah 1—35). The second part of Isaiah briefly explains a failed assault on Jerusalem during the rule of Hezekiah (Isaiah 36—39). The final chapters predict Israel's rescue from Babylonian captivity (Isaiah 40—48), the promised Messiah (Isaiah 49—57), and the final glory of Jerusalem and God's people (Isaiah 58—66).
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