Judges 9:53 - Printer Friendly

ESV: And a certain woman threw an upper millstone on Abimelech 's head and crushed his skull.

NIV: a woman dropped an upper millstone on his head and cracked his skull.

NASB: But a woman threw an upper millstone on Abimelech’s head, crushing his skull.

CSB: But a woman threw the upper portion of a millstone on Abimelech’s head and fractured his skull.

NLT: a woman on the roof dropped a millstone that landed on Abimelech’s head and crushed his skull.

KJV: And a certain woman cast a piece of a millstone upon Abimelech's head, and all to brake his skull.

NKJV: But a certain woman dropped an upper millstone on Abimelech’s head and crushed his skull.

The people of Thebez are trapped inside the city's fortress tower, a building likely made of stone. Abimelech and his men have taken the rest of the city, but they will have to defeat the tower to overtake the town (Judges 9:50–52). The tactic Abimelech chooses here is to burn down the tower's door, which would have been made of wood. Perhaps he hopes to then gain access to the tower and fight his way to the top with his men and kill the city's population. This easier said than done, since the people on the roof of the tower can fire arrows and throw objects at those who get close.

In this era, milling grain involved the use of two stones. These were often made from dense, heavy basalt rock. The grain would be placed on the lower millstone, which was stationary and weighed as much as a person. The upper millstone was usually shaped like a wheel about 12 inches, or 30 centimeters, wide. These could vary in weight, but this one was probably about 25 pounds, or 11 kilograms.

It's possible the people of Thebez were throwing random objects from the tower anytime an enemy came within range. A woman of Thebez either fled with her upper millstone, or more likely, found one there on the roof. Scripture does not say whether she was specifically aiming for Abimelech. Apparently, it was noticeably clear that she was the one who threw the stone. Perhaps she shouted something as she threw, or Abimelech had seen her looking over the edge.

In any case, this woman delivered the deciding blow of the battle. Her position on the roof probably meant she was a few stories above the ground—and she drops a solid stone wheel right onto Abimelech's head. The blow is not immediately fatal, but his skull is crushed. He knows he's going to die, and his dreadful vanity can't handle the idea that a woman delivered the deadly strike (Judges 4:21–23). He asks to be put down by a man (Judges 9:54), though this won't change anything. King David will later refer to this moment (2 Samuel 11:21), specifically noting that the woman was the one who struck the crucial blow.

Judges 9:22–57 describes the brutal fulfillment of Jotham's curse against his brother, Abimelech, and the leaders of the city of Shechem. God allows the two sides to be split by an evil spirit. First, Shechem's leaders attempt to kill Abimelech. Then they plot with a man named Gaal to overthrow him. Helped by his officer in the city, Abimelech and his men ambush Gaal and Shechem. They kill all the people and destroy the city. They then move on to the town of Thebez to do the same, but Abimelech is killed. Jotham's prediction of divine vengeance (Judges 9:19–20) comes true.

Shechem's leaders conspire with a concubine's son to kill Gideon's other seventy sons. They make this man, Abimelech, their ruler. Gideon's youngest son survives, however, and delivers a curse. Using a fable, he says Abimelech and Shechem's leaders will destroy each other. God causes a division between Shechem's leaders and Abimelech. The noblemen attempt to kill Abimelech and unite behind a new leader. Abimelech discovers the plot and kills everyone in Shechem, destroying the city. When attacking a tower in a nearby town, however, Abimelech's skull is crushed by a thrown millstone. The curse is fulfilled.

Gideon successfully defeated Midianite raiders but declined to become Israel's official king. His sons, however, were held in high esteem during his remaining years (Judges 8). After Gideon's death, ambitious men conspire to kill almost all those heirs. This results in a series of bloody events. Eventually, judgment comes on those responsible. Israel fails to learn from the tragedies. Chapter 10 explains further idolatry and sin, before introducing the next major judge, Jephthah, in chapter 11.

The Book of Judges describes Israel's history from the death of Joshua to shortly before Israel's first king, Saul. Israel fails to complete God's command to purge the wicked Canaanites from the land (Deuteronomy 7:1–5; 9:4). This results in a centuries-long cycle where Israel falls into sin and is oppressed by local enemies. After each oppression, God sends a civil-military leader, labeled using a Hebrew word loosely translated into English as "judge." These appointed rescuers would free Israel from enemy control and govern for a certain time. After each judge's death, the cycle of sin and oppression begins again. This continues until the people of Israel choose a king, during the ministry of the prophet-and-judge Samuel (1 Samuel 1—7).