What does Judges 8:28 mean?
This verse follows the familiar pattern of Judges, though with some differences. When the people cried out (Judges 6:1–5), God raised up a deliverer in Gideon (Judges 6:11–12). God worked through Gideon to subdue the Midianites completely (Judges 8:10–12). They ceased to be a threat to Israel.One way to interpret this verse's reference to "raising heads" is in regards to Israel. When Midian was oppressing the people, God's people were on constant alert, worried that they would be attacked. Now, thanks to a thorough victory, the people had no need to raise their heads to look for raiders. The other, more likely interpretation is that the ones no longer "[raising] their heads" are the Midianites: they are subdued and don't presume to challenge Israel.
This relative peace continued for forty years—an entire generation—in connection to the life of Gideon. What is left out is any mention that Gideon or others acknowledged that the Lord God, not their own power, had saved Israel once again (Judges 7:2). Instead, Gideon seems to have received all the credit from his countrymen. The last verses of chapter 8 include other ways in which Gideon's story differs from others in this book.